Figures

Oxygen-sensing paramagnetic spin probe for biological oximetry. The crystalline packing (perspective view) of LiNc-BuO microcrystal shows wide channels large enough for molecular oxygen (O2) to diffuse in and out without any structural or chemical damage to the probe. The magnetic interaction between the LiNc-BuO and oxygen, which is a quantitative measure of oxygen concentration (pO2), is detected by EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance). The EPR oximetry is an emerging technology which is being developed by Dr. Kuppusamy’s laboratory. The oxygen-sensing probe is biologically stable, non-toxic and highly sensitive to the amount of oxygen in the probe’s environment. (Adapted from Pandian et al J Mater Chem 16, 3609-3618, 2006).	Stem-cell therapy for MI showing the engraftment of skeletal myoblasts (SM) and changes in oxygen concentration in the heart. (Left panel) MY-32 staining demonstrates the engraftment of skeletal myoblasts (brown color) transplanted in the infarct region of a mouse heart. (Right panel) Myocardial pO2 in the infarct heart at the site of cell transplantation. Myocardial pO2 values were measured repeatedly for 4 weeks using in vivo EPR oximetry in mice hearts transplanted with SMs labeled with oxygen-sensing probes (LiNc-BuO). The time-course values of myocardial pO2 measured from infarct hearts (MI), and infarct hearts treated with SM cells (MI+SM) are shown. Values are mean±SD (n=7 per group). *p<0.05 vs MI group. (Adapted from Khan et al. Am J Physiol. HCP 293, H2129-H2139, 2007).
Hyperbaric oxygenation and myocardial pO2 in the infarct heart. Myocardial pO2 in the infarct rat hearts were measured before (normoxia) and after hyperbaric oxygenation (100% O2 at 2 ATA for 90 min using a custom-built small-animal chamber. Data represent mean±SD obtained from 4 rats. The results show an increase in oxygenation levels reaching significance at 90 min followed by returning to baseline in about 2 hours in the infarct hearts. A 5.8-fold increase in oxygenation was achieved in the infarct hearts after 90 min of HBO. (Adapted from Khan et al. J Mol Cell Cardiol 47, 275-287, 2009).	Myocardial pO2 in rat hearts transplanted with bone marrow-derived rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) at 2 weeks. The results (mean±SD; N=6 rats) show an increase in myocardial oxygenation in hearts treated with MSC and further enhancement in pO2 was observed in hearts treated with HBO (100% O2, 2ATA, 90 min/day for 10 days).

Oxygen-sensing paramagnetic spin probe for biological oximetry. The crystalline packing (perspective view) of LiNc-BuO microcrystal shows wide channels large enough for molecular oxygen (O2) to diffuse in and out without any structural or chemical damage to the probe. The magnetic interaction between the LiNc-BuO and oxygen, which is a quantitative measure of oxygen concentration (pO2), is detected by EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance). The EPR oximetry is an emerging technology which is being developed by Dr. Kuppusamy’s laboratory. The oxygen-sensing probe is biologically stable, non-toxic and highly sensitive to the amount of oxygen in the probe’s environment. (Adapted from Pandian et al J Mater Chem 16, 3609-3618, 2006).

Stem-cell therapy for MI showing the engraftment of skeletal myoblasts (SM) and changes in oxygen concentration in the heart. (Left panel) MY-32 staining demonstrates the engraftment of skeletal myoblasts (brown color) transplanted in the infarct region of a mouse heart. (Right panel) Myocardial pO2 in the infarct heart at the site of cell transplantation. Myocardial pO2 values were measured repeatedly for 4 weeks using in vivo EPR oximetry in mice hearts transplanted with SMs labeled with oxygen-sensing probes (LiNc-BuO). The time-course values of myocardial pO2 measured from infarct hearts (MI), and infarct hearts treated with SM cells (MI+SM) are shown. Values are mean±SD (n=7 per group). *p<0.05 vs MI group. (Adapted from Khan et al. Am J Physiol. HCP 293, H2129-H2139, 2007).

Hyperbaric oxygenation and myocardial pO2 in the infarct heart. Myocardial pO2 in the infarct rat hearts were measured before (normoxia) and after hyperbaric oxygenation (100% O2 at 2 ATA for 90 min using a custom-built small-animal chamber. Data represent mean±SD obtained from 4 rats. The results show an increase in oxygenation levels reaching significance at 90 min followed by returning to baseline in about 2 hours in the infarct hearts. A 5.8-fold increase in oxygenation was achieved in the infarct hearts after 90 min of HBO. (Adapted from Khan et al. J Mol Cell Cardiol 47, 275-287, 2009).

Myocardial pO2 in rat hearts transplanted with bone marrow-derived rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) at 2 weeks. The results (mean±SD; N=6 rats) show an increase in myocardial oxygenation in hearts treated with MSC and further enhancement in pO2 was observed in hearts treated with HBO (100% O2, 2ATA, 90 min/day for 10 days).

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Figures